The 'Without time records' checkbox'

This is because the project phase (task) has the 'Without time records' checkbox checked. If this checkbox is on, the estimated duration time of the project phase is also considered 'booked', so they appear with the booked costs on the dashboard.

This checkbox is either turned on at the project stage itself or was already on at the hour type. If the checkbox is on by the hour type, then it is also automatically turned on by the project phase where this hour type is selected.

Then this checkbox is hidden via entity settings. So open your settings of either project phases (tasks) or hour type (product), depending on where you don't see the checkmark. Go to Fields and Sections and make the appropriate field visible there.